Jul 2012 twenty day and time in yangzhou city, jiangsu province, the task of baoying interface (33.0 degrees north latitude and 9.6 degrees east longitude) happen 4.9 earthquake, the focal depth of five kilometers. Jiangsu yangzhou earthquake, wuhu ma on shan hefei was felt as far away as magnitude, although is not big, but also cause us to seismic house thinking about the problems of our house safe?
Earthquake experts to all previous seismic analysis showed that more than 95% of the total number of casualties are caused by the houses collapsed, only less than 5% of casualties is directly by the earthquake and the earthquake triggered floods, landslides, etc in the secondary disasters.
As the earthquake is the most direct threat to people's property safety of buildings is concerned, the seismic standards? We live day and night the building what are the structure, each the aseismic capacity? For this, the reporter interviewed the northeast China architecture design institute of advanced structural engineer FangZhenWu and structural engineer ZhaoHui.
Building structure and earthquake resistance
In our life live in houses, due to the height and use and construction time is different, caused the structure is different, also determines the building seismic ability is endless also and same. So what kind of building the earthquake? Let us together to understand.
Steel structure seismic level 16 16 16 painted painted
Features: steel structure is steel as the main structural material. Steel is characteristic of high strength, light weight, and at the same time as the steel material homogeneity and strong toughness, can have large deformation, can well under dynamic loading, has the very good aseismic capacity.
Application: but, due to the steel structure building cost is relatively high, the application is not very common.
General super-tall building (100 meters) or span large buildings are normally used steel structure, shenyang is the typical
steel structure building WuAi market for the second phase of shoes and hats market.
Shear wall structure seismic level 16 16 16 16
Features: shear walls are made of reinforced concrete wall panel to undertake all kinds of load caused by the internal force, and can effectively control structure of the horizontal force, this kind of shear wall to bear with vertical and horizontal force structure called the shear wall structure.
Application: in high-rise shear wall structure (10 layer, and the layer above the residential building or height more than 24 meters construction) house is a large number of applying.
Frame structure seismic level 16 painted painted
Characteristics: the reinforced concrete casting into bearing beam composition skeleton, reoccupy brick or prefabricated aerated concrete, ceramsite and light plate for individual partition assembly and into. The wall is mainly the containment and isolation effect, due to the wall not bearing, so can be made by all sorts of lightweight materials.
Frame structure, still have a kind of frame shear structure, also known as frame & ndash; Shear wall structure, it is frame structure and the shear wall structure with two system, drawing on their respective strengths, both for building layout provides greater use of space, but also has good resistance performance. The structure of the housing has good resistance to shock.
Application: frame structure in the modern architectural design are widely used, we can see most of the buildings is frame structure.
Brick and concrete structure seismic level 16 16
Characteristics: the who and brick and concrete structure, Brick and throughout , it is to point to a kind of uniform size of construction materials, including other size different clay brick, tile, etc. And who Mix and throughout It is to point to by steel, cement, sand, water preparation according to a certain proportion of reinforced concrete ingredients, including floor, lintel, stair, balcony. These parts and the main wall brick combination, so called brick and concrete structure. Brick and concrete structure housing general with multilayer (24 meters, residential 10 layer below) housing is given priority to, the seismic performance compared with the above three relatively weak some.
Application: brick and concrete structure, normally used in multilayer or span not big buildings, but as a result of brick and concrete structure building pattern rigid, metope can't change in recent years, and the frame structure and the shear wall structure application more and more common, in the urban construction has been rarely used brick and concrete structure, at present our country only a few of the buildings in the suburbs or brick and concrete structure.
【 life warning 】
Home is decorated also to shock
In the design of the building, there are many structure is in accordance with the building seismic need to build. Therefore, we must pay special attention to in decorate, some places are resolute can't change, otherwise once the destruction of the whole building design, there is an earthquake in earthquake is very dangerous.
In decorating, hit off main wall is and its risk approach. Expert introduction, in the ordinary circumstances, if the first floor of a residents will load bearing wall area down, will lead to the weakening of the seismic performance and load stress appears unusual, if the earthquake occurred, the building is likely to happen the overall collapse. In addition, the load bearing wall cannot optional hole, it also harm the building earthquake resistance.
Due to the ordinary citizens in decorating a process, for indoor wall is shear wall or ordinary wall can't accurate judgment, experts to provide us with a more easily judgment method, the average adult one punch thick is 10 centimeters of thin wall is not main wall, if necessary can properly transformation, but for twenty centimeters thick wall, is absolutely not allowed transformation, some people from the wall appearance can't judge shear wall and brick and concrete wall, the expert suggested that if in the hit in the process of the wall to see the wall there are reinforced means that the wall is shear wall, are not allowed to change. In addition, some people in order to indoor and beautiful, the reinforcement sawing way is very not the right way.
General room and balcony on the wall between, there is a door of a window, the window of the wall is not active, this section of the wall that & who Weight wall & throughout , it is like weight as plays up the role of the balcony. Open to the wall, can make the balcony of the bearing force decline, leading to the balcony drop.
In addition, no matter what the room doors and Windows on the wall size can tear open at will change, expand the original door window size or other building doors and Windows, also can cause building local fracture so that the serious influence seismic ability, so as to shorten the service life of the building.
【 key reading 】
Building seismic fortification intensity
The wenchuan earthquake, the magnitude of 8.0 magnitude, but intensity has reached 10 degrees to the degree, and sichuan province building seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees, the earthquake has been greatly beyond the building earthquake resistance level.
Magnitude earthquake intensity and what is the difference between, our daily life of the building seismic fortification intensity should be how many?
Earthquakes are weak points, and the scale is used to measure the intensity of the quake itself and who Ruler and throughout . Magnitude can through the seismic instrument record calculated its unit is and who Level and throughout . The size of the earthquake magnitude and the energy release of the relevant, seismic energy is larger, the greater the magnitude.
When the earthquake happened, people usually use seismic intensity to describe earthquake ground effect and the severity of the damage, referred to as the intensity. The size of the intensity is according to the person's feeling, indoor facilities response, building damage and ground damage phenomenon, and other comprehensive evaluation, its unit is and who Degree and throughout .
Magnitude and intensity although can reflect the strength of the earthquake, but the meaning is not the same. Earthquake with a magnitude only one, but because of the intensity varies in different places not the same intensity value.
For the design of the building in each region will be according to the local geology and physiognomy of different circumstances, the houses of the seismic fortification intensity, specifically is building can prevent the corresponding seismic intensity damage degree of ability, namely building aseismic capacity.
National and each city and district seismic fortification intensity are not all the same, shenyang area of seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, general urban seismic fortification intensity of 6-9 degrees between. And the general use of buildings is fifty years, that is, the corresponding seismic fortification intensity of the maintenance effect is fifty years.
Seismic intensity
3 degrees: a few inductive, instrument can record to.
4-5 degrees: sleep will wake up with a start, droplight swing.
6 degrees: vessels dumping, housing minor damage.
7-8 degrees: building damage, ground crack.
9-10 degrees, Bridges, DAMS and damage, houses collapsed, the ground destroyed.
- 12 degrees: devastating damage.
【 nouns explain 】
Shear wall: by reinforced concrete is poured into the wall. Of the shear wall under vertical and horizontal force structure, known as the shear wall structure. Shear wall wall at the same time as the housing space member. Shear wall structure can be built high, mainly used for 12-30 layer house and hotel building, its shortcoming is space division dumb.
Main wall: refers to support the weight of the upper floor, wall out will destroy the whole building structure; Main wall is a scientific computing, if in the main wall today to decorate, will affect the stability of the foundation.
Nonbearing wall: refers to the upper floor didn't support the weight of the wall, only have a room and another interatrial septum open action, have the wall to structural nothing big effect.
Span: buildings, Bridges and other buildings, beam, truss at both ends of the prop, the pier or wall, such as the distance between the bearing structure.
china steel structure:chinasteelstructure.blogspot.com
没有评论:
发表评论