China's steel output has reached 716 million tons, the output value of more than 3 trillion yuan

2012, China's steel output has reached 716 million tons, the output value of more than 3 trillion yuan, as long as the 1% increase in the proportion of ultra-fine grain steel, its brought direct economic benefits increase more than billions of dollars.
　　
Lighter weight and higher hardness, the direction seems to be the relentless pursuit of people, in response to this demand, carbon fiber, and on the development and application of ultra-fine grain steel has become an international new materials fields and Steel Structure Project areas of remarkable Research hot spots.
　　
Material that is both light and strong, seems to have never been so close as it is today came into our lives.
　　
In this past January, BMW introduced the new 5 series cars imported in China, the car is one of the highlight is its ultra lightweight carbon fiber hood effectively reduces the weight.
　　
Last year, a technology website, Apple is building a mysterious device, which used carbon fiber material. News that the part material of carbon fiber parts are mainly used for the casing of the device. Perhaps in the near future, iPhone6 shell made of carbon fiber material, maybe.
　　
Fine grain, high strength, low cost and environment-friendly characteristics of super steel, since the beginning of this century, after industrial production, such as Baosteel, angang and bengang, rounds of super steel in steel companies set off a whirlwind, factory racing to develop super steel strip, wire and Rod products, thousands of tons of super steel production from the initial prototype rapidly soared to tens of millions of tons. Super steel technology is taking hold. At present, individual action by enterprises upgraded to industry standards and the national standards .
　　
Super steel: backbone stand of peaceful development
　　
"After 30 years, it would be ' steel ' era. "Famous in the field of steel rolling experts when Northeastern University Professor Liu Xianghua, in an interview with science and technology daily, expressed their own forecast of development trend of super steel.
　　
In 2012, the CCTV column report in the innovation in China, my ceramic steel (super steel) leads the world in the lead. Super steel features: low cost, high strength and high toughness and alloying elements, environmental friendly, save for sustainable development was seen as a significant revolution in the field of iron and steel; China is currently the world's only country to achieve industrial production of ultra-fine grain steel, super steel from other countries is not yet out of the laboratory.
　　
Liu Xianghua, current strength and toughness steel fell far short of the theoretical limit, the "super steel" will also continue, this years third generation of China's emerging automotive steels, high-quality special steels and exemplified.
　　
Another focus is on the development of super steel scrap recycling, 30 years will have more iron and steel in China after being taken out of service as scrap steel, than with iron ore, steel scrap recycling simple and cheap, then super steel because of its ingredients simple and unparalleled advantages into play.
　　
According to Liu Xianghua introduced in 2012, already reaching 716 million tons of steel production in China, the output value of more than 3 trillion yuan, as long as the 1% increase in the proportion of ultra-fine grain steel, its brought direct economic benefits increase more than billions of dollars.
　　
Said Liu Xianghua, developed super steel's history can be traced back to 1998, when steel production in China has been the world's first, but the quality gap with foreign countries is large. In 1998 and 2001 respectively, the Ministry of science and technology launched the 973 plan: a study of the new generation of steel materials and 863 programs: the carbon of advanced manufacturing technology for 500MPa. In both of these major projects, supported by Northeastern University in cooperation with companies such as Baosteel, Faw, industrial production in 2002 successfully to achieve a super steel and used in automobile manufacturing, this indicates that China's development and application of ultra-fine grain steel to the international forefront.
　　
In both of these major projects after the conclusion, as Super steel developed at the national level generally come to an end, super steel already enjoys popular support, a series of technical measures as a result of super steel landmark everywhere in the country.
　　
"The formation technology in development of super steel, more than 10 years has been affecting the steel variety development and to improve the quality of development trends. "Liu Xianghua says.
　　
In recent years had low cost ultra-fine grain steel and high strength upgrade for low cost and high performance. In addition to this important indicator of the strength, after experiencing a series of destructive earthquakes, tsunamis and other major natural disasters, people pay more attention to Qu Qiangbi, earthquake resistance, fire resistance of steel steel specification of the nature of human life. "Super steel specification system, is no longer ' strength ' a thriving, but strength, plasticity, toughness and shock resistance and fire resistance performance upgrade. "Liu Xianghua said.
　　
As China's more than United States becoming the first power car production, steel for automobile quality is developing rapidly. Described Liu Xianghua, the strength of steel products for automobile is from 200-400MPa to 500-800MPa direction, individual parts than 1000MPa. Technological line of low cost, high performance, and success.
　　
Through Super steel developed low-cost, high-performance, not only can be used to enhance the performance of internal or extension is used to optimize the shape and size of steel. In this regard, Liu Xianghua, Professor at Northeastern University, led by poor research group of plate rolling with variable thickness in recent years scientific research accessGet results.
　　
According to statistics , differential plates for automotive weight reduction effects of up to 10-40%. Liu Xianghua, was exciting, was held on March 7 this year, the Shanghai Automobile Group "continuous differential plate independent technology the first successful mass production application", marking the rolling with variable thickness technology from the laboratory to production. To plug in the variable thickness of the wings super steel products, steel will be opened up a new world of energy conservation and emission reduction.
　　
Carbon fiber: to highlight the technological blockade the siege
　　
Study of polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber as raw material to produce in China began in 1962, no late start, but made no substantive progress. Li Kejian, Deputy Secretary General of the national new material industry development strategy Advisory Committee has said in an interview, because important use carbon fiber in aerospace, defense industry, Western countries will be considered as military goods to China "embargo" not to transfer production technology.
　　
Last year September, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo material by put a car carbon fiber small car into has talent technology week of high-tech results transactions fair earned foot has eye, highlights main in its shell Shang: in general material of car engine cover Shang, hammer hard percussion, paint cover Shang is has may will has SAG, and this car car of car shell is very substantial, hard percussion car cover Hou will rapid rebound, surface does is not loss. Along with this debut, upended the word fiber soft impression in people's minds.
　　
"This made of carbon fiber composite materials, compared to ordinary steel-made cars, it is characterized by light and fast. "Institute of Ningbo material Zhao Xiaoguang said the car abandoned the traditional steel structure , made extensive use of elastic fiber material than the average vehicle weight reduction of steel 60%. In the same case with oil, the car can be more than 50 miles per hour.
　　
Weight loss, how secure is it? Mechanical Engineering Research Institute expert Chen Changnian introduction to composite materials, while the carbon fiber look like plastic, but in fact the material stronger than steel impact resistance, especially made out of carbon fiber steering wheel, compared to mechanical strength and impact resistance is greatly improved. In composite materials, "arm", this car has become in the family car, "armoured vehicle". According to Chen Changnian revealed, this skirt on the application of carbon fiber material already in the high speed train.
　　
Carbon fibre not only has the intrinsic properties of carbon materials, and combine the softness of textile fibers can be processed, a new generation of reinforcement fibres. Unlike traditional glass fiber (GF), young's modulus is 3 times more than double; it with Kevlar fibers (KF-49) compared to young's modulus is not only about twice times, and insoluble in organic solvents, acids, alkalis not heaving, ensures excellent corrosion resistance. There are scholars steeped in 1981, PAN based CF in an alkaline NaOH solution, more than 30 years have passed, it has still maintained the fiber morphology.
　　
Chen Changnian says, carbon fiber can be processed into fabric, carpet, seats, Ribbon, paper and other materials. Traditional uses carbon fiber for insulation material, generally not used alone, as a reinforcing material added to resins, metals, ceramics, concrete and other materials, constitutes a composite. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials can be used as materials for aircraft structures, electromagnetic shielding materials removal, body of alternative materials such as artificial ligament and used in the manufacture of rocket shells, boats, industrial robotics, automotive leaf spring and drive shafts.
　　
Story of carbon fiber
　　
Shi Changxu, 80 years old took "hot potato"
　　
In 1975, the Commission convened a meeting of thematic, deployment of domestic carbon fiber research, and to develop a 10-year development plan. In 1978, the State Science and Technology Commission recovery, carbon fiber turn for the CST Management , carbon fiber new material seen as of paramount importance, and spends a great deal of energy and resources, while improving the quality of carbon fiber, it has struggled to make a big breakthrough. A series defeat has seriously dampened the confidence of State departments in more than 10 years in the late 20th century are unwilling or afraid to invest heavily, making carbon fiber research and development a daunting "hot potato".
　　
Until the beginning of 2000, famous physical metallurgists and materials scientists found kejian Li Shi Changxu said: "China's carbon fiber does not go on, affecting the National Defense Science and technology and high-tech development, a matter of national security, not to engage in no. I am almost 80 years old, 80 years old to leave something in the future, but wanted to catch a catch carbon fiber. ”
　　
Shi Changxu opinion was then Deputy Director of the high-tech Department of the Ministry of science and Technology Shi Dinghuan, MA yanhe, Director of materials, the "863" plan Chief Shi Likai, who support in the areas of new materials, decided in the "863" materials areas State soft subjects "an based carbon fiber development strategies", was founded by Shi Changxu of the group leader's software research group.
　　
In October 2001, decided to establish the Department of science and technology of carbon fiber special, expert group was established in November of that year. February 26, 2002 high-tech Department of the Ministry of science and technology held the "863" plan in new material field "plan arrangements for briefing, divisions for special carbon fiber raised again: first, the goals are clear and the second is innovation of organizational forms, to promote joint, without sectarian bias, cannot form"System ", supported the construction of high-level analysis and testing platform, supports the establishment of an equitable, fair, highly transparent sample evaluation system.
　　
On March 9, 2002, the Group of experts meeting in Taiyuan, last modify validation "' XV ' strategic objectives", and made a number of important strategic goals by this modification.
　　
On January 17, 2003, the State Natural Science Fund Committee approved two key projects in the field of carbon fiber from "financial macro-control". 2005 carbon fiber project was approved as a national key basic research projects, obtained a valuable basis for research funding.
　　
When our progress in carbon fibre technology, industrialization started later, Shi Changxu domestic carbon fiber applied immediately on the agenda, efforts to support the relevant application and to seek special funding, achieved important results.
　　
Domestic carbon fiber production is about to make a breakthrough. Said Li Kejian, carbon fiber industry in China take a combination of self development and the introduction of roads are beginning to bear fruit, "Eleven-Five" end basically equivalent to Japan scale T300 domestic carbon fiber production line, and some companies have formed a T700 over hundred-ton production line, the level of carbon fiber industry in China has been found in numerous blockades and pursued by a breakthrough!
　　
Driven by innovation
　　
Super steel: bridge weight motor oil
　　
The construction industry, China's newly revised concrete structure design specification will yield strength is 400MPa force steel rebar, as the lead, 500MPa class has already begun, steels for concrete backwardness situation will be reversed. Super strong steel rod solves Cuby, issues such as timeliness, through the system of rolling and cooling process optimization to reduce the use of micro-alloying elements, reduce production cost, its market has great potential.
　　
Using super steel hot strip products reduction heavy section material, has has many success of instance, as Baosteel Meishan Super plate volume, and pipe research development success, with 6mm super steel pipe alternative 8mm thickness low alloy steel tube, anti-impact performance greatly over General of structure steel, and directly application Yu national focus engineering Shanghai East bridge, plate reduction thin Hou, reduced has bridge overall deadweight, economic benefits and social benefits are quite considerable. Super steel used for car weight reduction, economic benefits are more obvious. Stringer is key to truck load-bearing parts, 500MPa super steel for truck side rail, significant reduction in body weight, steel production plant and the user has been made a win-win result. Upgrading of common carbon steel, led to technological advances in the automotive industry.
　　
Super steel plates used in shipbuilding, construction, bridge, and other industries, to replace the traditional General plate with good prospects. High strength ship plate can reduce the weight of the hull, increasing cargo carried; low-cost, high-performance bridge plate conducive to optimum design of bridge structure, make the bridge more durable. Here, super steel comes in.
　　
Super steel have infiltrated all areas around us, plays an important role for energy conservation and emission reduction in the conservation-oriented society.
　　
Carbon fiber: to change sports equipment for space equipped with gear
　　
Carbon fiber distance and people's lives have been very close, the most we know is that some sports equipment. Traditional sporting goods mostly wood and composite products. Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials much more expensive than wood, and its specific strength and modulus of Chinese FIR 4 times and 3 times, respectively, is 3.4 times and 4.4 times times the Chinese parasol. Therefore, it has been widely used in sport area. In terms of sports products, carbon fiber-reinforced composite material is mainly used in the following areas: golf clubs, fishing rods, tennis rackets, badminton rackets, racing, snowboarding, frame, and so on. In addition, carbon fiber-reinforced composite materials in sporting goods also can create a dynamic sled with a spring board, a bottle of bows and arrows, jump poles, ice hockey sticks, yachting, rowing, rowing oars, sailboat masts, motorcycle parts, mountain products and the glider, human-powered aircraft.
　　
Consumption structure of carbon fiber in the world focusing on industrial applications, aerospace and sports three, currently 58% per cent of total consumption of industrial application; aerospace applications accounted for 23%, sports equipment accounts for about 19%. 1991-2009 carbon fiber consumption is in the area of industrial applications continued to grow, essential to maintain a balance in the field of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and sporting goods in the application of carbon fiber ratio continued to decline, gradually from aerospace, sporting carbon fiber application transfer to civilian industrial applications, especially with the mass production of large-tow carbon fiber, reduced its prices will continue, civilian industry will continue to maintain a significant upward trend.
　　
Li Kejian, Deputy Secretary General of the national new material industry development strategy Advisory Committee said the carbon fiber variety many, China made only a few of the most basic but also the largest species, many varieties of great potential still struggling stage.
　　
From the perspective of domestic demand for carbon fiber structure, carbon fiber carbon fiber needs in sport and leisure areas – still China needs first, but the annual growth rate declined, indicating that after 2005 sports largely saturated demand for carbon fiber. Industrial applications demand for carbon fiber showed fast growth trend, 2010 demand for carbon fiber reaches 1900t/a (tonnes/year), is a 2003 demand for 9.5 times. Aerospace sector demand for carbon fiber is faster, 2010 demand for carbon fiber up to 250T/a, is 4.2 times times the demand for 2003. 2003-2010 carbon fiber demand in China continued the trend.
　　
Kejian Li believes that new material industry in China is still weak, China's potential market is huge, but market remains inadequate.
　　
In May 2012, the State Council of the "Twelve-Five" national strategic development plan for new industries, and new materials industries are included. As a high-performance fiber materials and composite materials used in carbon fiber for more policy support for economic and social development and make greater contributions.
　　
Expert perspectives
　　
Development and application of ultra-fine grain steel are impressive research focus in recent years on the international field of iron and steel. According to Northeastern University Professor Liu Xianghua, United States, and Japan, and Korea, European and other foreign mega steel project, while doing research on a large number of laboratory and theoretical studies but has not yet seen reports of industrial application. Development and application of ultra-fine grain steel in this round of international competition to go to the front. Super steel products have been used in the automotive, construction and other industries, achieving industrialization objectives, played an important role in energy conservation and emission reduction of iron and steel products.
　　
As in recent years, the Ministry of construction-grade steel III as the main steel industry policy in place, Super fine grain steel bar and wire rod production in recent years, a substantial increase, replacing the normal-200-300MPa with 400-500MPa steel bar reinforcement process progress rapidly, it is expected that by 2015, our high strength steel production will reach 80%. One-third follow the idea of super steel production, their production will be more than 30 million tons. In the context of rapid economic development, construction of prosperity for a super steel wire rod and bar provide a vast market, low cost, super high strength steel wire rod and bar will also provide powerful support for the construction industry.
　　
Super steel also has broad application prospects in other industries. Past adding micro-alloying elements to improve the performance of ship plate steel, bridges, container plate, can improve strength by grain refinement, improvement of toughness, to improve performance. To save by using super steel developed micro-alloying elements, reduce cost, enhance the market competitiveness of our products, has become the conscious action of the steel producers.
　　
Super steel developed has been modernization have an important impact on China's steel products, Super fine grain steel characteristics of low-cost, high-performance, next-generation steel series, has begun to gradually replace the old standard, steel, super steel as the landmark sign, included in the annals of the development of China's iron and Steel Structure Project http://www.jingtabuilding.com/ts.html.
　　
Development of carbon fiber materials in China in the coming decade will be highly
　　
National new materials industry development strategy Professor Li Kejian, Deputy Secretary General of the Advisory Committee, predicted the next decade is the development of China's high carbon fiber material for ten years. Excellent mechanical properties of composite reinforced base, broad application areas. Carbon fiber has excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability, is currently in the mass production of high-performance fibers has the highest strength and maximum modulus of fibers. In addition, carbon fiber and a variety of other excellent properties such as low density, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, friction resistance, fatigue resistance, high attenuation, high electrical and thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, high x-ray penetration, non-magnet, such as electromagnetic shielding. As a reinforcing material added to resins, metals, ceramics, concrete and other materials, constitutes a composite. From this sense have predicted broad application prospects of carbon fiber in the project.
　　
In terms of world carbon fiber pattern, developed industry matures, high concentration in the industry. World carbon-fibre production is concentrated in Japan and the United Kingdom and the United States, and France, and Korea and a small number of developed countries and China's Taiwan Province, Japan's three companies account for 78% per cent of the world production. Carbon fiber industry in developed countries is gradually moving towards maturing. As of 2008, the main carbon fiber manufacturers large and small tow capacity total of 64,200 tons.
　　
But kejian Li also pointed out that now the carbon fiber market blindness, public, private, resulting in serious low repetition. Even the banner of "new materials" in the name of, production of carbon fiber as a performance engineering, considers only the investment, regardless of the overall situation of the development of the new materials industry as a whole. This fact caused great waste of money.
National strategy for the West coast of the Pearl River Delta cities of Zhuhai

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